{"id":4936,"date":"2021-02-23T11:53:26","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T10:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/demokracie\/obecna-informacni-demokracie\/"},"modified":"2021-09-21T01:42:18","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T23:42:18","slug":"obecna-informacni-demokracie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/demokracie\/obecna-informacni-demokracie\/","title":{"rendered":"Obecn\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed demokracie"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4936\" class=\"elementor elementor-4936 elementor-526\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29535a9 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29535a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74afe40 linkcolor\" data-id=\"74afe40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9b74dd elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-cta--valign-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"f9b74dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\" data-e-bg-lazyload=\".elementor-bg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: var(--e-bg-lazyload-loaded); --e-bg-lazyload: url(https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/Hintergrund-2.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Hintergrund-2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDemokracie\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon elementor-ribbon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-ribbon-inner\">Informace<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9616d2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9616d2d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2db852\" data-id=\"c2db852\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64c26f3 ueberschrift2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64c26f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">K aktu\u00e1lnosti t\u00e9matu<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcf8450 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bcf8450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demokracie pod tlakem<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d4617 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23d4617\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zastupitelsk\u00e1 demokracie, forma vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 vl\u00e1dla v zem\u00edch Evropy od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, <br \/>byla v posledn\u00edch deseti letech pod tlakem z n\u011bkolika <br \/>stran:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <strong>Roztrp\u010den\u00ed z politiky:<\/strong> Mnoho ob\u010dan\u016f se ji\u017e nedok\u00e1zalo identifikovat s programem a kari\u00e9rn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly <br \/>tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch politick\u00fdch stran. Dobrovoln\u00e1 politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost  <br \/>\u2013 zn\u00e1mka \u017eiv\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 kultury \u2013 je na \u00fastupu.  <br \/>Volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch neust\u00e1le kles\u00e1, co\u017e sni\u017euje <br \/>legitimitu zvolen\u00fdch vl\u00e1d.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <strong>Pravicov\u00fd populismus:<\/strong> Pravicov\u011b populistick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 se prohla\u0161uj\u00ed za z\u00e1stupce \u201eml\u010d\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny\u201c, <br \/>jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1jmy by podle nich zkorumpovan\u00e1 a moc\u00ed posedl\u00e1 politick\u00e1 elita \u00fadajn\u011b ignorovala, <br \/>jsou nam\u00ed\u0159eny proti soci\u00e1ln\u00edm men\u0161in\u00e1m, migraci a otev\u0159en\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem. <br \/>Men\u0161iny, migrace a otev\u0159en\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Pravicov\u00fd populismus odm\u00edt\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky <br \/>liber\u00e1ln\u00ed demokracie, jako je pluralismus, ochrana men\u0161in nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 svoboda.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <strong>Ohro\u017een\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed moc\u00ed:<\/strong> N\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed konzervativn\u00ed strany v Evrop\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny v Parlamentu k p\u0159ijet\u00ed pravidel, kter\u00e1 podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1klady odd\u011blen\u00ed moc\u00ed v jejich zem\u00edch (nap\u0159\u00edklad disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro soudce). <br \/>Jedn\u00e1 se o pl\u00ed\u017eivou likvidaci demokratick\u00fdch hodnot.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2022 V\u00fdzva k aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu zapojen\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f<\/strong>: Pouh\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v <br \/>intervalu \u010dty\u0159 a\u017e p\u011bti let ji\u017e mnoha lidem nesta\u010d\u00ed \u2013 cht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt vysly\u0161eni, <br \/>zapojeni do diskuze, spolurozhodovat. \u017d\u00e1douc\u00ed je nov\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha <br \/>mezi zastupitelskou a p\u0159\u00edmo participativn\u00ed formou demokracie v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_4943\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4943\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-777\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www1.jpg\" alt=\"Demokracie pod tlakem\" width=\"340\" height=\"228\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4943\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek od Roberta Jonese na Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Jan Werner M\u00fcller, \u201eDas wahre Volk gegen alle anderen. Rechtspopulismus als Identit\u00e4tspolitik \u2013 Essay.<br \/><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><a style=\"color: #339966;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/apuz\/286506\/das-wahre-volk-gegen-alle-anderen-rechtspopulismus-als-identitaetspolitik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/apuz\/286506\/das-wahre-volk-gegen-alle-anderen-rechtspopulismus-als-identitaetspolitik<\/a>,<\/span><\/strong> <br \/>Naposledy zobrazeno 24.2.2021; Frank Decker\/Marcel Lewandowsky, Rechtpopulismus: Erscheinungsformen, <br \/>Ursachen und Gegenstrategien. <br \/><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><a style=\"color: #339966;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/politik\/extremismus\/rechtspopulismus\/240089\/rechtspopulismus-erscheinungsformenursachen-und-gegenstrategien\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/politik\/extremismus\/rechtspopulismus\/240089\/rechtspopulismus-erscheinungsformenursachen-und-gegenstrategien<\/a>;<\/span><\/strong> naposledy zobrazeno 24.2.2021<\/p>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d39dc12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d39dc12\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77a4d3e\" data-id=\"77a4d3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbcad4d ueberschrift2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fbcad4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">\u00davodn\u00ed informace<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6adf55 elementor-widget__width-initial ueberschrift elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f6adf55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co je demokracie? Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed video<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ccc6dc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"3ccc6dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=59gAft8LwU4&quot;,&quot;yt_privacy&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;show_image_overlay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;modestbranding&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_overlay&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/euwww.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/youtube.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3979,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/youtube.jpg);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-play\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-play\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88b927b ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88b927b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demokracie je mlad\u00e1 forma vl\u00e1dy<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bf1256 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bf1256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Demokracie je jako forma vl\u00e1dy relativn\u011b mlad\u00e1 <sup>2<\/sup>Je pravda, \u017ee jej\u00ed z\u00e1klady byly polo\u017eeny v klasick\u00e9m \u0158ecku ji\u017e v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, p\u0159esn\u011bji v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch pod veden\u00edm politika a strat\u00e9ga Perikla: Podle tehdej\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy m\u011bli v\u0161ichni ob\u010dan\u00e9 m\u011bsta (ale byli to pouze mu\u017ei vykon\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vojenskou slu\u017ebu!) dovoleno \u00fa\u010dastnit se lidov\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a pozd\u011bji p\u0159evz\u00edt jakoukoli politickou nebo soudn\u00ed funkci. V\u00edce ne\u017e 200 let Ath\u00e9\u0148an\u00e9 rozv\u00edjeli tento syst\u00e9m, odstranili v\u00fdsady aristokracie a distribuovali politick\u00e9 a soudn\u00ed funkce losov\u00e1n\u00edm \u2013 praz\u00e1klad p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9, okam\u017eit\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy lidu. Se z\u00e1nikem tohoto atick\u00e9ho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u0161ak tato \u010dasn\u00e1 forma demokracie zanikla.<\/p>\n<p>Teprve po francouzsk\u00e9 a americk\u00e9 revoluci se demokracie \u2013 znovu interpretovan\u00e1 jako forma zastupitelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1dy \u2013 vr\u00e1tila od 19. stolet\u00ed <br \/>do pov\u011bdom\u00ed obyvatel Evropy.<\/p>\n<p>A a\u017e po skon\u010den\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v roce 1945 a po \u00fasp\u011bchu pokojn\u00fdch revoluc\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b v letech 1989\/90 se demokracie stala p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed formou vl\u00e1dy ve st\u00e1tech Evropy.<\/p>\n<p>Demokracie tedy nen\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tak p\u0159irozen\u00e1, jak se dnes v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s Evropan\u016f domn\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Demokratiza\u010dn\u00ed procesy \u010dasto selhaly (viz mnoho pokus\u016f v severoafrick\u00fdch st\u00e1tech o \u201earabsk\u00e9 jaro\u201c), kon\u010dily ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami nebo upevn\u011bn\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch forem autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy (nap\u0159\u00edklad sou\u010dasn\u00fd trend v Turecku).<\/p>\n<p>Demokratick\u00e9 formy vl\u00e1dy nejsou nedotknuteln\u00e9, ani \u201edostate\u010dn\u011b robustn\u00ed, <br \/>aby odolaly v\u0161em v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, ot\u0159es\u016fm a kriz\u00edm [verm\u00f6gen]\u201c (Vorl\u00e4nder, 2017:5).<\/p>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17799f7 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17799f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co je typick\u00e9 pro demokracie?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea2140 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6ea2140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Pravideln\u00e9 volby a pokojn\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed moci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Politick\u00e1 rovnost v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f i \u00fa\u010dast jednotlivc\u016f a skupin na formov\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f a rozhodnut\u00ed<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Respektov\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edlnosti n\u00e1zor\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti (pluralismus)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"> Komunitn\u00ed loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u201evl\u00e1dy v\u011bt\u0161iny\u201c nad men\u0161inou<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Rozd\u011blen\u00ed moci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Racion\u00e1ln\u00ed, kontrolovateln\u00e9 a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed moci<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Politick\u00e9 kompromisy jako d\u016fsledek (\u010dasto zdlouhav\u00fdch) jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi politick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmov\u00fdmi skupinami<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e05cca6 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e05cca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201eDemokracie\u201c neexistuje<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15bf77b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15bf77b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem demokracie.<\/p>\n<p>V Evrop\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 model \u201ezastupitelsk\u00e9 demokracie&#8221;: Strany soupe\u0159\u00ed o hlasy ob\u010dan\u016f ve volb\u00e1ch, aby dos\u00e1hli v\u011bt\u0161iny v parlamentn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje jen m\u00e1lo prvk\u016f p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 demokracie. V evropsk\u00fdch demokraci\u00edch je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 ochrana jednotlivce <br \/>a jeho pr\u00e1v p\u0159ed sv\u00e9vol\u00ed st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Zneu\u017eit\u00ed moci ze strany st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed je tak\u00e9 zt\u00ed\u017eeno odd\u011blen\u00edm moci mezi z\u00e1konod\u00e1rnou, <br \/>v\u00fdkonnou a soudn\u00ed moc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789eaa2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"789eaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=-mb5RFKV5F8&quot;,&quot;modestbranding&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;yt_privacy&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;show_image_overlay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;image_overlay&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/euwww.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/youtube.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3979,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-image-overlay\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/youtube.jpg);\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed-play\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-play\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">P\u0159ehr\u00e1t video<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5365c9 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5365c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demokracie vy\u017eaduje spln\u011bn\u00ed \u0159ady p\u0159edpoklad\u016f<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87711f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87711f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-872 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"127\">Demokracii prosp\u00edv\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce \u2013 to zn\u00ed trochu ban\u00e1ln\u011b, <br \/>ale jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad pro udr\u017een\u00ed stability demokratick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee \u201evl\u00e1da lidu&#8221; vy\u017eaduje, aby se \u201elid\u00e9&#8221; aktivn\u011b zapojovali do politick\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek a rozhodnut\u00ed \u2013 jinak to budou m\u00edt demagogov\u00e9 velmi snadn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Po dlouhou dobu byly strany nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak tento p\u0159edpoklad splnit. Dnes tento \u00fakol usnad\u0148uje internet, s jeho poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm informac\u00ed na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a mo\u017enostmi digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti na stran\u011b druh\u00e9. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je zde velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed a podvod\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011bdnost jednotliv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f za kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a pozornost je velik\u00e1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be7ed1a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be7ed1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a16f917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a16f917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><sup>2<\/sup> Vorl\u00e4nder, Hans, 2017: Demokratie \u2013 Geschichte eines Begriffs; in: Bundeszentrale f\u00fcr Politische Bildung <br \/>(Hrsg.), Informationen zur politischen Bildung Nr. 332\/2017:4-5<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da9d3b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da9d3b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-939f7f5\" data-id=\"939f7f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-544b606 ueberschrift2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"544b606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Demokracie v Evropsk\u00e9 unii<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e3eac7 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e3eac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bezprecedentn\u011b \u2013 \u201enadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u201c demokracie<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c3629a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c3629a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Po\u017eadavkem Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) je formovat politiku podle demokratick\u00fdch standard\u016f \u2013 a\u010dkoli dosud neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd glob\u00e1ln\u00ed model pro nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 politick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 rysy jako EU: feder\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_4926\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4926\" style=\"width: 219px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-913\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"195\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4926\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek od Peggy a Maro Lachmann-Anke na<br \/>Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p>I v nich jsou d\u0159\u00edve nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 (svrchovan\u00e9) \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty navz\u00e1jem <br \/>propojeny spole\u010dnou \u00fastavou, maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, <br \/>kter\u00e9 jsou obsazov\u00e1ny a rozhoduj\u00ed v souladu s demokratick\u00fdmi postupy.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00e1ty ve federaci maj\u00ed demokratickou legitimitu<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 o demokratick\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pravidlech v\u00fdkonu vl\u00e1dy na <br \/>\u00farovn\u00ed federace<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 o demokratick\u00e9 kvalit\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f,<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 o demokratick\u00e9m obsazov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f,<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 o demokraticky-\u00fastavn\u00edch postupech v legislativ\u011b a exekutiv\u011b<br \/>V z\u00e1sad\u011b EU spl\u0148uje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echna tato krit\u00e9ria<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt funguj\u00edc\u00edmi demokraciemi; jejich vl\u00e1dy se m\u011bn\u00ed podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00edch voleb<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 p\u0159\u00edmo volen\u00fd Evropsk\u00fd parlament, jeho\u017e slo\u017een\u00ed je ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u011bt let nov\u011b ur\u010dov\u00e1no v\u0161emi ob\u010dany EU, je nyn\u00ed stejn\u011b zapojen do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech legislativn\u00edch proces\u016f v oblastech, kde m\u00e1 EU legislativn\u00ed pravomocit<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 funguje z\u0159eteln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed moc\u00ed v politick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu EU (z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 <br \/>= Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Rada \/ v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 = Komise a <br \/>\u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \/ soudn\u00ed = Evropsk\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr)<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 existuj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed mechanismy a postupy, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i EU z\u00e1sadn\u011b up\u00edraj\u00ed \u201edemokrati\u010dnost&#8221;, proto\u017ee p\u0159ece \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u201eevropsk\u00fd lid&#8221; neexistuje. Je pravda, \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady demokratick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 nestav\u00ed na obyvatel\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed sd\u00edlej\u00ed alespo\u0148 spole\u010dn\u00fd jazyk a mohou se v nich <br \/>m\u011bnit podle politick\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>EU tak\u00e9 chyb\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd \u201e\u00fastavod\u00e1rn\u00fd moment\u201c, kdy jsou spole\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm n\u00e1roda zavedeny nov\u00e9, demokratick\u00e9 formy vl\u00e1dy a vznikl tak m\u00fdtus o zalo\u017een\u00ed. EU vze\u0161la ze spolupr\u00e1ce b\u00fdval\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch protivn\u00edk\u016f v mnoha mal\u00fdch a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch kroc\u00edch <br \/>a nedo\u0161lo zde (na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed) k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm bitv\u00e1m ani k ob\u010dansk\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm, <br \/>jako u americk\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dem k nastolen\u00ed demokracie je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee jsou lid\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako ob\u010dan\u00e9 politick\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e pravidla pro v\u00fdkon vl\u00e1dy sami definuj\u00ed a jeho\u017e politick\u00e9 veden\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u011bn\u011bno volbami. Tyto postupy jsou stanoveny na \u00farovni EU. Existuje st\u00e1le prostor pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed, proto\u017ee EU se pomalu vyv\u00edj\u00ed z funguj\u00edc\u00edho spole\u010denstv\u00ed mezi st\u00e1ty (kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed pouze na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi <br \/>n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi vl\u00e1dami) v politick\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f EU. <\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <sup>4<\/sup> Srov. Peter Graf Kielmansegg, 1996: Integration und Demokratie; in Markus Jachtenfuchs \/ Beate Kohler-Koch <br \/>(Hrsg.), Europ\u00e4ische Integration, Opladen:47-71<\/p>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73f24af ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"73f24af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kter\u00e1 jsou ta hlavn\u00ed m\u00edsta budov\u00e1n\u00ed demokracie v EU?<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40bf9a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40bf9a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u2022 Nikdy nedo\u0161lo k celoevropsk\u00e9mu <strong>\u00fastavn\u00edmu referendu<\/strong> o pravidlech Spole\u010denstv\u00ed upravuj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdkon vl\u00e1dy. Je tomu tak proto, \u017ee se EU postupn\u011b vyv\u00edjela ze zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 vazby mezi st\u00e1ty, na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv, do politick\u00e9 unie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na <em>smlouv\u00e1ch podobaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u00fastav\u011b<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Z historick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f m\u016f\u017ee legislativn\u00ed iniciativu v EU form\u00e1ln\u011b navrhnout jedin\u011b Evropsk\u00e1 komise. Evropsk\u00fd parlament toto form\u00e1ln\u00ed <strong>pr\u00e1vo iniciativy<\/strong> <br \/>postr\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Neexistuje <strong>jednotn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/strong>, ale Evropsk\u00fd parlament je volen na z\u00e1klad\u011b 27, velmi odli\u0161n\u00fdch vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch volebn\u00edch pravidel, s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b diskrimina\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky. Evropsk\u00fd parlament ji\u017e dlouho usiluje o jednotn\u00fd volebn\u00ed z\u00e1kon pro celou EU pro sv\u00e9 volby <sup>5<\/sup>, ale vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f doposud br\u00e1nily pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 legislativ\u011b EU.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 EU a jej\u00ed instituce jsou nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed a je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby v\u0161echny n\u00e1rody v nich <br \/>m\u011bly zastoupen\u00ed. Proto m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161est poslanc\u016f (nap\u0159. Malta, Lucembursko). Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee cel\u00fd parlament EU nem\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00edce ne\u017e 750 \u010dlen\u016f, v\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee jsou v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu voli\u010di z mal\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zastoupeni nepom\u011brn\u011b v\u00edce. <sup>6<\/sup> To odporuje demokratick\u00e9 z\u00e1sad\u011b rovnosti v\u0161ech hlas\u016f. Jak\u00e9 jsou ale jin\u00e9 mo\u017enosti? Bu\u010f Malta nebude m\u00edt kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 populaci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 <br \/>poslance EU, to by v\u0161ak bylo nedemokratick\u00e9. NEBO se Evropsk\u00fd parlament nafoukne: <br \/>muselo by se pak jednat o asi 6 760 poslanc\u016f <sup>7<\/sup>. Takov\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed by nebylo schopno pracovat a bylo by p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Evropsk\u00e1 rada, jako zastoupen\u00ed hlav st\u00e1t\u016f nebo p\u0159edsed\u016f vl\u00e1d \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, <br \/>zauj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed politiky Spole\u010denstv\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00falohu: ud\u00e1v\u00e1 politick\u00fd sm\u011br, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed usnesen\u00ed v b\u011bhem krize a \u010din\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 osobn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. To v\u0161echno, ani\u017e by mohl b\u00fdt Evropsk\u00fdm parlamentem <br \/>nebo n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi parlamenty \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b kontrolov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 My\u0161lenka, \u017ee by EU m\u011bla m\u00edt \u201erobustn\u00ed demokracii&#8221;, je st\u00e1le pouhou my\u0161lenkou a <br \/>pot\u0159ebuje se je\u0161t\u011b rozv\u00edjet. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed postupy, jako je \u010dl\u00e1nek 7 SEU, podle n\u011bho\u017e <br \/>by \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t mohl b\u00fdt zbaven hlasovac\u00edch pr\u00e1v v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trval\u00e9ho poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f a hodnot EU, <br \/>se ukazuj\u00ed jako velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b provediteln\u00e9 <br \/>a zcela vylu\u010duj\u00ed Evropsk\u00fd parlament z rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><sup>5<\/sup> \u010cl\u00e1nek 223 SFEU<br \/><sup>6<\/sup> Z \u010dist\u011b matematick\u00e9ho hlediska p\u0159edstavuje ka\u017ed\u00fd z 96 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch europoslanc\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 855 000 voli\u010d\u016f, <br \/>ale z\u00e1stupce z Malty zastupuje pouze asi 66 000 voli\u010d\u016f.Tento zp\u016fsob rozd\u011blen\u00ed hlas\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <br \/>\u201esestupn\u011b pom\u011brn\u00fdm\u201c, tzn., \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce voli\u010d\u016f n\u00e1rod m\u00e1, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1stupci je zastoupen.<br \/><sup>7<\/sup>Z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det: 446 milion\u016f ob\u010dan\u016f EU, na 66 000 ob\u010dan\u016f (referenc\u00ed je Malta) jeden poslanec<\/p>\n<p>Viz tak\u00e9 informace na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm demokratick\u00e9m serveru UNESCO <strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><a style=\"color: #339966;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dadalos-d.org\/demokratie_verstehen\/demokratietypen.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.dadalos-d.org\/demokratie_verstehen\/demokratietypen.htm<\/a><\/span><\/strong>, naposledy zobrazeno 17.2.2021<\/p>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" class=\"a36bb854c610d44-autofill-overlay-host\" style=\"position: absolute; z-index: 10; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0;\">\n<div style=\"display: hidden;\"> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a951dd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a951dd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-183126f\" data-id=\"183126f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c115f2b ueberschrift2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c115f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-large\">Food for thought\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07149b8 ueberschrift elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07149b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ot\u00e1zky, teze, podn\u011bty k zamy\u0161len\u00ed<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef6e158 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef6e158\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><figure id=\"attachment_4924\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4924\" style=\"width: 251px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-956\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"199\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-4924\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek Gerd Altmann z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p>Zn\u00e1te vlastn\u011b sv\u00e9ho poslance Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu?<\/p>\n<p>Zkou\u0161eli jste se ji\u017e na n\u011bj obr\u00e1tit s va\u0161imi obavami a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edmi <br \/>ohledn\u011b Evropy?<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1rodn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Evropy. Nem\u011bli by voli\u010di <br \/>v\u011bnovat v\u00edce pozornosti evropsk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm pozic\u00edm stran <br \/>ve volb\u00e1ch do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parlamentu?<\/p>\n<p>Je dob\u0159e, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu zvoleny strany, <br \/>kter\u00e9 ve sv\u00e9m volebn\u00edm programu otev\u0159en\u011b vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed ke zru\u0161en\u00ed tohoto Parlamentu? Nebo by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u0159edpokladem pro to, <br \/>aby strany mohly b\u00fdt zvoleny ve volb\u00e1ch do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, jejich zav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed se k \u201esvobodn\u011b demokratick\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du EU\u201c.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddfb2e2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ddfb2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www5-300x201.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-970\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www5-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www5.jpg 326w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9995419 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9995419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www6-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-4922\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www6-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/euwww.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/www6.jpg 381w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Obr\u00e1zek Benjamin Bellier z Pixabay<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demokracie Informace K aktu\u00e1lnosti t\u00e9matu Demokracie pod tlakem Zastupitelsk\u00e1 demokracie, forma vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 vl\u00e1dla v zem\u00edch Evropy od konce druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, byla v posledn\u00edch deseti letech pod tlakem z n\u011bkolika stran: \u2022 Roztrp\u010den\u00ed z politiky: Mnoho ob\u010dan\u016f se ji\u017e nedok\u00e1zalo identifikovat s programem a kari\u00e9rn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly tradi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch politick\u00fdch stran. Dobrovoln\u00e1 politick\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4906,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4936","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4936"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4999,"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4936\/revisions\/4999"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euwww.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}